The collection of the Museum of Modern Art of São Paulo, with over 77 years of history, has been marked by transformations and reformulations that reflect its importance for modern and contemporary art in Brazil. Since the second half of the 1960s, the MAM collection has been renewed and expanded. With significant donations from collectors, critics and other art supporters, as well as from the artists themselves, the MAM currently has over 5 works. However, a large part of this is what is known as “contemporary art,” which generally refers to the production of artists over the last 60 years. This contingent exceeds in quantity and volume the works of “modern art,” those usually associated with the modernist avant-garde movements of the first half of the XNUMXth century.
Given the encounter between modern and contemporary art in the MAM collection, we can reflect on the recurring debate surrounding the definitions of “modernity” and “contemporaneity” and the ways in which these relate to artistic productions. After all, the historical narratives that punctuate modern and contemporary art in a timeline do not always account for determining their separation, as aesthetic parties and subjects converge and mix, including in numerous works belonging to the MAM collection.
If the beginning of modern art occurred with the European avant-gardes at the turn of the 19th and 20th centuries, the production of Brazilian modernists extended throughout most of this last century, thus placing it at its own pace of elaboration and overcoming. In fact, the beginning of contemporary production in Brazil can be understood from the unfolding of one of the last modernist avant-gardes, constructivism, in its concretist and neo-concretist strands and its dialogue with dystopian avant-gardes such as pop art.
Modern art emerged as a break with the past and with academic art. For many, contemporary art represents a break with modern precepts, such as formalism and the technical specificity of supports, introducing new languages and media. The notion of the avant-garde, typical of modern art, which dreamed of revolutionizing the world and represented a promise of freedom, tends to be lost in the contemporary moment. In more recent art, the romantic idea of a better world loses ground, as does the belief in reason and scientism, giving way to reflections on the unsustainability of our ways of life and to individually desired microutopias.
Works from different periods in the history of recent Brazilian art are brought together in six sections of the exhibition: “Nature: the end of representation”, “Urban environment: the habitat of modernity”, “Bodies: the politics of relationships”, “Forms of building and breaking”, “Fragments, gestures and abstractions”, and “Media: updated traditions”. These thematic sections bring together works from different times and contexts to demonstrate that the recurrence of issues of modernity in contemporary times is a characteristic of the time lived and often in overlapping periods. Within the sections, works produced by active artists dialogue with works linked to the modernist avant-garde. Whether through visual qualities or technical and conceptual procedures, these works extend to the present day issues initially revealed by industrial modernity, which continue to be unfolded by development efforts and technological advances. The perception of continuity in these ways of thinking and revealing reality is precisely the critical tool that society needs to deal with the dystopian challenges that present themselves to the entire world.
The current MAM collection thus poses questions that touch on cultural, social and historical issues: What is the relationship between the ideas of “modern” and “contemporary”? How do they differ and what brings them together? And how does this affect our ways of producing culture and narrating history? Is it simply a distinction between periods or styles? There are certainly historical and theoretical differences that deserve broad discussion, but is it possible to accurately draw the visual and temporal boundary between modern art and contemporary art? How does this relate to the perception of historical time and lived time? The exhibition addresses these questions, not to answer them definitively, but rather to contribute to other approaches, offering the public the autonomy to be surprised by the reflections awakened by art, regardless of the time period.
curators
Caue Alves
Gabriela Gotoda
caption: Leda Catunda, MAM, 1998. Photo: Romulo Fialdini